Who is considered most responsible for raising firearms identification to a science and for perfecting the bullet comparison microscope?

The individual most often credited with raising firearms identification to a scientific discipline and perfecting the bullet comparison microscope is Calvin Goddard. In the early 20th century, Goddard's work significantly advanced the field of forensic ballistics, enabling the comparison of bullets and cartridge cases to link them to specific firearms. His pioneering techniques laid the groundwork for modern forensic science in firearms analysis.