How can chemicals that are spilled on land end up in oceans or other water bodies?

Chemicals spilled on land can be carried by rainwater runoff or underground water flow into rivers, streams, and eventually into oceans or other water bodies. Some chemicals may also contaminate soil and then leach into groundwater, which can also contribute to their spread to water bodies. Industrial activities and improper waste disposal can be major sources of chemical spills that lead to water contamination.