What systems of trade was most widely used in both ancient river civilizations and ancient Native American civilizations?

Both ancient river civilizations and ancient Native American civilizations predominantly used barter systems for trade. In these societies, goods and services were exchanged directly without the use of currency, relying on mutual agreement regarding the value of items. This system facilitated trade among communities, allowing them to acquire resources unavailable in their immediate environment. Additionally, trade networks often developed, enabling the exchange of specialized goods across larger regions.