How might the decision in McCulloch v Maryland make future Supreme Court decisions more complicated?

The decision in McCulloch v. Maryland established the principle of implied powers, affirming that the federal government could exercise powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution if they were deemed necessary to carry out its responsibilities. This broad interpretation allows for greater federal authority, which can lead to more contentious debates over states' rights versus federal power in future Supreme Court cases. As a result, subsequent rulings may involve complex interpretations of what constitutes "necessary and proper," complicating legal standards and the balance of power between state and federal governments.