What are the possible pathogen from a rectal swab?

A rectal swab can reveal various pathogens, including bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli (E. coli), as well as sexually transmitted infections like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Additionally, viral pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses can also be detected. Fungal infections and parasites, such as Giardia or Entamoeba histolytica, may also be identified in certain cases. The specific pathogens detected depend on the patient's symptoms and risk factors.