What is long term effects did the introduction on horses and firearms have on Native Americans in the west?

The introduction of horses and firearms significantly transformed Native American societies in the West. Horses enhanced mobility, enabling tribes to hunt more efficiently, expand their territories, and engage in trade, while also intensifying competition among tribes. Firearms altered traditional warfare dynamics, increasing the lethality of conflicts and changing power balances. Ultimately, these changes contributed to significant cultural shifts, population displacements, and increased conflicts with European settlers.