What is the mode of reproduction of ferns and mushrooms?

Ferns primarily reproduce through spores, which are produced in structures called sporangia on the undersides of their fronds. They have a life cycle that includes both a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte stage. Mushrooms, on the other hand, reproduce through spores as well, but they typically form these spores in specialized structures called fruiting bodies. Both ferns and mushrooms utilize asexual reproduction methods, such as fragmentation or budding, in addition to their sexual reproduction through spores.