How does heartburn affects the stomach?

Heartburn occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and a burning sensation. This reflux can be a result of weakened lower esophageal sphincter function or increased stomach pressure. While heartburn primarily affects the esophagus, frequent acid exposure can lead to inflammation and damage over time, potentially impacting stomach function and leading to complications like esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus. Additionally, the discomfort may cause individuals to alter their eating habits, which can indirectly affect stomach health.