What are catapults and torture methods?

Catapults are ancient mechanical devices used to hurl projectiles, such as stones or incendiary materials, at enemy fortifications or troops during warfare. They operate on principles of tension or torsion to launch objects over distances. In contrast, torture methods refer to various practices used to inflict severe physical or psychological pain on individuals, often for purposes of punishment, coercion, or extraction of information. Both catapults and torture methods reflect the darker aspects of human ingenuity in conflict and control throughout history.