How does a mechanical cam work in a engine?

A mechanical cam in an engine converts rotational motion into linear motion to control the opening and closing of engine valves. As the cam rotates, its specially shaped profile pushes against a follower, which moves vertically to open the valve at precise timing during the engine's cycle. This ensures that the intake and exhaust valves operate efficiently, allowing for optimal airflow and combustion. The design of the cam determines the timing, duration, and lift of the valve movement, critical for engine performance.