When you see a full moon during the day what phase of the moon are really in?

To be technical about it, you can't see a completely full moon during the day. When the moon is completely 100% full, it has to be exactly opposite the sun in the sky. So if the sun is 'up', then the full moon must be 'down'.

You can see the "almost full" moon during the day. When it still has a little way to go before it's full, it will rise shortly before the sun sets. And when the moon is slightly past full, it'll still be in the western sky when the sun rises in the morning.

In Arctic or Antarctic latitudes, it is possible to see the Full moon while the Sun is visible "looking over the pole.