By what three processes does the Sun and energy warm the Earth and its atmosphere?

The Sun warms the Earth and its atmosphere primarily through radiation, conduction, and convection. Radiation involves the transfer of energy from the Sun to the Earth in the form of sunlight, which is absorbed by the surface. Conduction occurs when the Earth's surface warms the air directly above it, transferring heat through direct contact. Convection then takes place as warm air rises and cooler air moves in to replace it, creating circulation patterns that distribute heat throughout the atmosphere.