What essential camping gear should I bring for a backcountry trip?

For a backcountry camping trip, essential gear includes a sturdy tent, sleeping bag, sleeping pad, backpack, water filter or purification tablets, portable stove, cookware, food, headlamp or flashlight, first aid kit, map and compass, and appropriate clothing and footwear. It's also important to pack sunscreen, insect repellent, and a multi-tool for emergencies.