How did historians define the existence of a civilization?

Historians generally define the existence of a civilization through several key criteria, including the presence of a complex social structure, a system of governance, economic systems, and cultural achievements such as writing, art, and architecture. Additionally, civilizations typically exhibit advancements in technology and infrastructure, as well as the development of a shared belief system or religion. These elements contribute to a society's ability to sustain itself and influence other cultures over time.