What role do turning points play in the process of periodization?

Turning points are critical in periodization as they mark significant events or changes that signal a shift in historical trends, societal structures, or cultural dynamics. These moments help historians categorize and differentiate between distinct eras, allowing for a clearer understanding of how and why societies evolve over time. By identifying turning points, scholars can analyze the cause-and-effect relationships that shape historical narratives and the progression of human experience. Ultimately, they serve as reference points that facilitate a deeper comprehension of historical continuity and change.