How can fertilizer cause land degradation?

Fertilizers can lead to land degradation through nutrient runoff, which contaminates water bodies and disrupts local ecosystems. Over-reliance on chemical fertilizers can deplete soil health by reducing its organic matter and microbial diversity, leading to diminished fertility over time. Additionally, excessive application can result in soil acidification and salinization, further harming agricultural productivity and land viability. Ultimately, these processes contribute to a cycle of degradation that can render land less productive and sustainable.