Do alcoholic drinks taste any different than non alcoholic drinks?

They generally do. You can taste the alcohol. Now, if you mean alcoholic beer versus "non-alcoholic" (still contains some alcohol, but it would take at least 5-6 drinks to equal an ordinary beer), the "non-alcoholic" beer may actually taste even more bitter. Without as much alcohol, something has to be added to make up for the difference in taste, so they may add more hops to the mix.