How did the Maya and the Aztec civilizations differ?

The Maya civilization, which thrived in Mesoamerica from around 2000 BCE to the 16th century, was known for its advanced writing system, complex calendar, and city-states, each with its own ruler. In contrast, the Aztec civilization, which emerged later in the 14th century, was characterized by a centralized empire centered in Tenochtitlán, with a focus on military conquest and tribute from conquered territories. While both cultures shared similarities in religion and agricultural practices, the Maya were more decentralized, whereas the Aztecs had a more unified political structure. Additionally, the Maya engaged in extensive astronomical studies, while the Aztecs were known for their monumental architecture and elaborate rituals.