How do DNA repair mechanisms work?

DNA repair mechanisms are cellular processes that correct damage to DNA molecules, ensuring genomic integrity. They operate through several pathways, including direct repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and homologous recombination. These mechanisms detect and remove damaged or mispaired nucleotides, then synthesize new DNA using the undamaged strand as a template. By maintaining DNA stability, these repair systems play a crucial role in preventing mutations and diseases such as cancer.