A trigonal planar molecule results from sp² hybridization around a central atom, which involves the mixing of one s orbital and two p orbitals. This configuration allows for three bonding pairs of electrons to arrange themselves in a flat, triangular shape, with bond angles of approximately 120 degrees. The presence of only bonding pairs or a combination of bonding pairs and lone pairs can lead to this geometry, but typically, it features three substituents around the central atom.
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