Annulus fissuring and end plate spurring?

Annulus fissuring refers to the formation of cracks or tears in the annulus fibrosus, the tough outer layer of an intervertebral disc, often associated with degenerative disc disease and can lead to pain and reduced mobility. End plate spurring involves the development of bony projections, or spurs, at the vertebral end plates, which can occur due to osteoarthritis or disc degeneration. Both conditions are indicative of spinal degeneration and can contribute to Back pain and other symptoms related to spinal instability or nerve compression. Management typically includes physical therapy, pain relief, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.