When material that was once living is broken down by micro organisms and converted into useful fertilizer?

When material that was once living is broken down by microorganisms, a process known as decomposition occurs. During this process, organic matter is broken down into simpler compounds, enriching the soil with nutrients. This transformed material, often referred to as compost or humus, serves as a useful fertilizer, enhancing soil fertility and promoting healthy plant growth. Microorganisms play a crucial role in recycling nutrients and maintaining the ecosystem's balance.