Why is Murmansk ice free and Archangel is not?

Murmansk is ice-free due to its location on the Kola Peninsula, which is influenced by the warm North Atlantic Current, allowing it to remain navigable throughout the year. In contrast, Archangel (Arkhangelsk) is situated further south and is subject to colder temperatures and the inflow of ice from the White Sea, leading to seasonal ice cover that restricts access during winter months. Additionally, Murmansk's deeper harbor and strategic positioning facilitate year-round shipping, while Archangel's shallower waters are more prone to freezing.