How does the government make sure scientific research is done in an ethical way?

Governments ensure ethical scientific research through regulatory frameworks that set guidelines and standards for conducting studies, including the requirement for Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to evaluate research proposals involving human or animal subjects. They also enforce laws and policies that address issues like informed consent, data privacy, and the responsible use of resources. Additionally, funding agencies may impose ethical requirements on research projects they support, promoting accountability and integrity in scientific inquiry. Regular audits and oversight mechanisms help monitor compliance with these ethical standards.