Reconstruction effectively ended when Rutherford B. Hayes became president in 1877 due to the Compromise of 1877, which resolved the disputed 1876 election. As part of the compromise, Hayes agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, effectively ending military oversight and support for Reconstruction efforts. This withdrawal allowed Southern states to regain control and implement laws that disenfranchised Black voters, leading to the establishment of Jim Crow laws and the systematic erosion of the rights gained during Reconstruction.
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