What are general features of the vertebrae?

Vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column, or spine, providing structural support and protecting the spinal cord. Each vertebra typically consists of a vertebral body, a vertebral arch, and various processes for muscle attachment and articulation with adjacent vertebrae. They are categorized into different regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal, each with unique shapes and functions. Additionally, vertebrae contain intervertebral discs that act as shock absorbers and allow for flexibility and movement of the spine.