Why has freshwater become a scarce commodity?

Freshwater has become a scarce commodity due to a combination of factors including population growth, urbanization, and climate change, which have increased demand and altered precipitation patterns. Pollution from agricultural runoff and industrial waste further degrades water quality, limiting the availability of clean water. Additionally, over-extraction of groundwater and mismanagement of water resources contribute to the depletion of freshwater supplies. As a result, many regions face significant water stress, impacting ecosystems and human livelihoods.