What is transorbital labotomy?

Transorbital lobotomy, also known as the "ice pick lobotomy," is a neurosurgical procedure that involves inserting a sharp instrument, typically an ice pick, through the eye socket to sever connections in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Developed in the 1940s, it was primarily used to treat severe mental illnesses. The procedure was controversial due to its severe side effects, including personality changes and cognitive impairments, leading to its eventual decline in favor of more humane and effective treatments.