To find the start and stop codons in a sequence, look for the AUG codon, which typically serves as the start codon, and the stop codons UAA, UAG, or UGA. For the polyadenylation signal (PAS), identify the consensus sequence often represented as AAUAAA, which is usually located upstream of the poly(A) tail. The poly(A) tail itself is a string of adenine nucleotides added post-transcriptionally to the 3' end of the mRNA. Analyzing the sequence for these elements can provide insights into the functional regions of the mRNA.
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