All living things are made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and quite a lot of other elements, but carbon is one of the most prominent of these elements. Thus, when organic beings die, their bodies turn to fossils (over a long time and under conditions of high pressure). These fossils have a lot of carbon, just like the living thing did.
Fossil fuels are also fossils or are found in fossils, and hence have a lot of carbon. Coal, being a fossil fuel, has high carbon content. This is what makes coal useful as high carbon content means more stuff to get burnt and release energy. However, this carbon when combusted (set on fire) releases Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sometimes when it burns very fast and the entry of air in the environment is less, then suspended carbon particles. These emissions are harmful, especially carbon monoxide and suspended carbon particles, and also contribute to global warming.
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