What are the principles of database management systems?

The principles of database management systems (DBMS) include data integrity, which ensures accuracy and consistency of data; data security, which protects data against unauthorized access; and data independence, allowing changes to the data structure without affecting application programs. Additionally, DBMS promotes efficient data retrieval and manipulation through structured query languages, supports transaction management to ensure reliable processing, and facilitates data sharing among multiple users while maintaining concurrency control. These principles collectively enhance data organization, accessibility, and reliability in various applications.