Why when and where did the Inquisition take place?

The Inquisition primarily took place in Europe, particularly in Spain and Portugal, from the late 15th century to the 19th century. It was established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy and enforce religious orthodoxy, with the Spanish Inquisition formally starting in 1478. The Inquisition aimed to identify, prosecute, and punish individuals accused of heretical beliefs, often using torture and severe penalties. Its influence gradually declined, and by the 19th century, it was largely abolished.