Counter-regulatory hormones are those that work to raise blood glucose levels when they fall too low. Three key counter-regulatory hormones are glucagon, epinephrine (adrenaline), and cortisol. Glucagon, produced by the pancreas, stimulates the liver to release stored glucose. Epinephrine, released from the adrenal glands during stress, enhances glucose release and inhibits insulin secretion, while cortisol, a steroid hormone, promotes gluconeogenesis and reduces glucose uptake in tissues.
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