France and England fought the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) primarily over territorial disputes, claims to the French throne, and economic interests, particularly in the wealthy regions of Flanders. The conflict saw the rise of national identities and centralized power, which diminished the influence of feudal lords as monarchs gained more control over their realms. Additionally, the war's reliance on paid soldiers rather than feudal levies contributed to the decline of the feudal system, as kings started to assert greater authority and establish standing armies. Ultimately, the war helped shift power from feudal nobles to centralized monarchies, paving the way for the modern state.
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