How are the internal external and conceptual schemas related to concept of logical and physical data independence?

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1069323

2026-05-22 20:00

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The internal schema represents the physical storage structure of data, the external schema represents how different users view the data, and the conceptual schema defines the logical structure of the entire database. Logical data independence means that the conceptual schema can change without affecting the external schemas, while physical data independence means that changes in the physical storage structures do not affect the conceptual or external schemas.

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