What are the key differences between viral and bacterial meningitis, and how can one distinguish between the two based on symptoms and diagnostic tests?

Viral meningitis is caused by a virus, while bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria. Symptoms of viral meningitis are usually less severe than bacterial meningitis and may include fever, headache, and sensitivity to light. Bacterial meningitis symptoms are more severe and can include high fever, severe headache, and confusion.

To distinguish between the two, doctors may perform a spinal tap to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid. Bacterial meningitis will show higher levels of white blood cells and bacteria in the fluid, while viral meningitis will show lower levels of white blood cells and no bacteria. Additionally, bacterial meningitis may require more aggressive treatment with antibiotics, while viral meningitis typically resolves on its own with supportive care.