What is the technology that allows pirating to occur?

Technology is often protected by Intellectual Property (IP) rights including copyrights, patents, and trademarks. These IP rights are designed to protect the authenticity of one's original design and defend the intellectual and financial investment from inventors against illegal copying of their work. IP rights enable inventors to manufacture, distribute, modify, and sell their product and gain commercial benefit from the time and capital invested to produce these technologies. Pirating is a term for copying, using, or stealing Intellectual Property (IP) without properly compensating the owner of the IP for their work. The term is most often used in the context of taking free software illegally, sharing music for free, or taking source code or material design elements from a piece of technology without properly notifying and compensating the original owner. In countries where IP is not legally protected and piracy is easy, inventors are not incentivized to produce new work if others can easily steal from them, leading to stagnation in innovation and productivity.