World War I created immense social and economic turmoil in many countries, particularly in Russia, where the war exacerbated existing discontent with the monarchy and the government. The severe shortages of food, fuel, and military supplies, combined with staggering loss of life, fueled widespread protests and strikes. This unrest culminated in the February Revolution of 1917, which led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a provisional government. The instability and dissatisfaction continued, ultimately paving the way for the Bolshevik Revolution in October 1917, which sought to address the grievances of the working class and peasants.
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