Why is life expectancy declining in southern Africa?

Life expectancy in Southern Africa is declining primarily due to the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis. Additionally, socioeconomic factors, including poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and political instability, contribute to poor health outcomes. The impact of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases, like Diabetes and hypertension, further exacerbates the situation. These challenges hinder progress in improving overall health and longevity in the region.