How does the kidney stone affect the tissues?

Kidney stones can cause damage to surrounding tissues primarily through obstruction and irritation. When a stone blocks the urinary tract, it can lead to increased pressure in the kidney, potentially resulting in hydronephrosis and kidney damage. Additionally, the movement of the stone during passage can cause inflammation and injury to the delicate lining of the urinary tract, leading to pain and potential infection. Over time, repeated stone formation may also contribute to chronic kidney issues.