How do you ask your crush if he likes you without just straight-out asking him?

If he's shy, you're going to have to ask him. He's not going to come out and say it.

It's true he's not coming straight out with whether or not he likes you but that doesn't mean you should make the first move. He could see that as aggression/impatience. Take your time. If he's in to you, he'll let you know in some way. He'll get over his shyness by just being around you and you'll recognize it by noticing him much more relaxed.