What was the major political change in Europe at the end of the crusades?

At the end of the Crusades, a significant political change in Europe was the decline of feudalism and the rise of centralized monarchies. The prolonged military campaigns had weakened the power of local lords, as many nobles were either killed or financially depleted. Consequently, kings began to consolidate power, leading to stronger centralized states, enhanced royal authority, and the beginnings of a more unified national identity in various regions of Europe. This shift laid the groundwork for the emergence of modern nation-states.