Why pumps cavitate?

Pumps cavitate when the pressure in the pump inlet drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped, leading to the formation of vapor bubbles. These bubbles can collapse violently as they move into higher pressure areas within the pump, causing damage and reduced efficiency. Common causes of cavitation include inadequate inlet pressure, high fluid temperatures, and excessive flow rates. Proper pump selection, system design, and maintenance can help prevent cavitation.