Where did Europeans in the sixteenth century fin cheap labor source for work in the new world?

In the sixteenth century, Europeans found cheap labor for work in the New World primarily through the use of enslaved Africans, as the indigenous populations were decimated by disease and violence. The transatlantic slave trade began to expand significantly during this period, providing a steady supply of enslaved laborers for plantations and mines. Additionally, some Europeans also utilized indentured servitude, where individuals would work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World.