Why does a moving ship take longer time to stop than taken by a car when brakes are applied to both?

Ship doesn't have brakes, it has to use reverse! But in any case,

the reason a ship takes longer to stop than a car is that is has more

momentum. Think of momentum as something that tells you how hard it will be to stop an object. More momentum means it will be harder to stop.

Momentum is equal to the mass of the object times it velocity or speed. So a ship has a lot more mass that a car and takes longer to stop.