Contract law is based on an enforceable written or verbal agreement. The elements of a breach oc contract claim are offer, acceptance and consideration. "Consideration" is value given or promised to support the undertakings of each party to the contract. It can consist of various things, such as money, services, or the mutual exschange of promises. Some contracts must be in writing in order to be enforceable. Contracts made for an illegal purpose, for example gambling or prostitution, are not enforceable at all (assuming the place where the contract is made does not permit the activity)
Tort law is the law of "personal wrongs" and is different from contracts. An example of a tort is negligence. Negligence is the failure of a person to use that degree of care that a hypothetical "reasonable person" would use under similar circumstances. If someone is harmed or sustains damages as a result, the wrongdoer may be held liable. In general, the extent of damages recoverable are those which are reasonably foreseeable from the standpoint of the wrongdoer. As a practical matter, that measure of damages is fluid in that "reasonably foreseeable" is determined by the finder of fact (judge or jury).
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