What are the main differences between a telephoto lens and a zoom lens, and how do these differences impact their performance in photography?

A telephoto lens has a fixed focal length, providing a narrow field of view for capturing distant subjects. A zoom lens, on the other hand, can adjust its focal length, allowing for a range of perspectives from wide-angle to telephoto. This difference impacts performance as telephoto lenses are better for capturing distant subjects with clarity and detail, while zoom lenses offer versatility in framing shots at various distances.