What is 2s complement?

Two's complement is a mathematical representation used to encode negative numbers in binary systems. In this format, the most significant bit (MSB) indicates the sign of the number, where '0' represents positive and '1' represents negative values. To find the two's complement of a binary number, you invert all bits (turning 0s into 1s and vice versa) and then add 1 to the least significant bit. This method simplifies binary arithmetic, allowing for straightforward addition and subtraction of signed numbers.