Explain How does a membrane become polarized?

A membrane becomes polarized when there is a difference in electrical charge across its lipid bilayer, typically due to the uneven distribution of ions, such as sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺). In resting cells, the inside of the membrane is more negatively charged compared to the outside, primarily because of the activity of the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports K⁺ ions into the cell and Na⁺ ions out. This ion distribution creates a resting membrane potential, with the inside of the cell around -70 mV relative to the outside. When stimulated, changes in ion permeability can lead to depolarization or repolarization, altering the membrane's polarization state.