During the last ice age, New York State was covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, a massive continental glacier. This ice sheet extended over much of northeastern North America, reaching its maximum extent around 20,000 years ago. As it advanced and retreated, it shaped much of the state's landscape, including the formation of the Great Lakes and various landforms such as valleys and moraines. The melting of the glacier also significantly influenced the state's ecology and hydrology.
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